每个公民和居民都需要缴纳联邦个人税,无论他们住在哪里。他们必须使用表格 1040 或 1040-SR 提交个人所得税(此表格是 65 岁或以上纳税人的另外可用表格)。您个人全年所赚取的工资、薪金、收租收入、投资收益(如股息和利息)、营业收入、退休收入和其他等收入,都需要报税。大多数州还要求提交州的个人税表。但是,阿拉斯加州、佛罗里达州、内华达州、南达科他州、德克萨斯州、华盛顿州和怀俄明州没有所得税,也不需要提交个人税表。一些州还只对某些收入征税,而不是全部。例如,田纳西州没有所得税,但对利息和股息收入征收 1% 至 2% 的固定税率。新罕布什尔州对工资不征收所得税,但该州对利息和股息收入征收 5% 的税。新罕布什尔州的城市没有地方所得税。
非居民跟留学生也是要报税。留学生属于居民或者非居民可用183准则来划分。非居民用1040-NR.详情可咨询我们安腾会计。
个人报税有 5 种不同的身份申报方式:
- 个人单身纳税:
根据州法律,单身、离婚或分居且截至纳税年度的最后一天的纳税人将被视为单身申报人。寡居者或房主不属于单身申报人的税务范畴。
- 已婚夫妻联合报税:
如果您已婚并且您和您的配偶都同意共同报税, 那么你可用已婚联合报税身份。
- 已婚单独报税:
对于分开报税交税可比联合报税少的夫妻或者配偶不愿意联合报税的人可以选着已婚单独报税
- 一家之主报税:
对于户主报税,您必须符合以下要求:
1.您在纳税年度的最后一天合法单身。
2.您必须支付一半以上的家庭费用
3. 您需要让符合条件的被抚养人在您家中居住半年以上。
- 寡妇/鳏夫有抚养子女报税
寡妇(鳏夫)可以在其配偶去世的那一年用已婚联合报税身份。符合条件的寡妇(鳏夫)有一个受抚养的孩子,可以在配偶去世后的未来两年内使用联合税率和最高扣除额。
2021 年联邦五种身份个人税率表
Tax rate | Single filers | Married filing jointly | Married filing separately | Head of household |
10% | $0 – $9,950 | $0 – $19,900 | $0 – $9,950 | $0 – $14,200 |
12% | $9,951 – $40,525 | $19,901 – $81,050 | $9,951 – $40,525 | $14,201 – $54,200 |
22% | $40,526 – $86,375 | $81,051 – $172,750 | $40,526 – $86,375 | $54,201 – $86,350 |
24% | $86,376 – $164,925 | $172,751 – $329,850 | $86,376 – $164,925 | $86,351 – $164,900 |
32% | $164,926 – $209,425 | $329,851 – $418,850 | $164,925 – $209,425 | $164,901 – $209,400 |
35% | $209,426 – $523,600 | $418,851 – $628,300 | $209,426 – $314,150 | $209,401 – $523,600 |
37% | $523,601 or more | $628,300 or more | $314,151 or more | $523,601 or more |
*Qualifying widow(er)s can use the joint tax rates
Source: Internal Revenue Service.
2021 Tax Brackets for Capital Gains (Due April 2022)
Tax rate | Single filers | Married filing jointly* | Married filing separately | Head of household |
0% | $0 – $40,000 | $0 – $80,000 | $0 – $40,000 | $0 – $53,600 |
15% | $40,000 –$441,450 | $80,000 -$496,600 | $40,001 – $248,300 | $53,601 – $469,050 |
20% | Over $441,450 | Over $496,600 | Over $248,300 | Over $469,050 |
Source: Internal Revenue Service.
税额抵免(Tax Credit)跟税款减免(Tax Deduction)
税额抵免(Tax Credit) 可以直接降低您的应纳税额,指您的欠税。税款减免(Tax Deduction) 可以降低您的应税收入,指降低您需要报税的收入。
税额抵免分为可退还的跟不可退还的抵免。对于可退还的减免,如果减掉您的税后还有余额,您可拿到退税。对于不可退还的,减掉之后的可以降低您的应税收入,指降低您需要报税的收入。
税额抵免分为可退还的跟不可退还的抵免。对于可退还的减免,如果减掉您的税后还有余额就会丢失没有了。
Credits for Individuals (Source: Internal Revenue Service.)
Family and Dependent Credits
- Advance Child Tax Credit Payments
- Child Tax Credit and Credit for Other Dependents
- Recovery Rebate Credit
- Earned Income Tax Credit
- Child and Dependent Care Credit
- Adoption Credit
- Credit for the Elderly or Disabled
Income and Saving Credits
- Recovery Rebate Credit
- Earned Income Tax Credit
- Saver’s Credit
- Foreign Tax Credit
- Excess Social Security and RRTA Tax Withheld
- Credit for Tax on Undistributed Capital Gain
- Nonrefundable Credit for Prior Year Minimum Tax
Homeowner Credits
Health Care Credits
Education Credits
Deductions for Individuals: (Source: Internal Revenue Service.)
Work Related Deductions
Itemized Deduction
- Deductible Taxes
- State and Local Tax Deduction Limit
- Property Tax
- Real Estate Tax
- Sales Tax
- Charitable Contributions
- Gambling Loss
- Miscellaneous Expenses
- Interest Expense
- Home Mortgage Interest
Education Deductions
Health Care Deduction
Investment Relates Deductions